Paru sur up-magazine.info | 14.01.2018 | Alexandre Aget<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nEn 1998, deux m\u00e9t\u00e9orites contenant un m\u00e9lange fascinant de produits chimiques se sont \u00e9cras\u00e9es sur Terre. Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pieusement conserv\u00e9es pendant des ann\u00e9es sans que l\u2019on sache ce qu\u2019elles contenaient. Mais aujourd\u2019hui, sur la base d\u2019une nouvelle analyse permise par les appareils les plus sophistiqu\u00e9s disponibles actuellement, les scientifiques ont montr\u00e9 que ces petites roches contiennent tous les ingr\u00e9dients n\u00e9cessaires pour faire na\u00eetre la vie partout o\u00f9 elles atterrissent, et qu\u2019elles ont peut-\u00eatre voyag\u00e9 depuis un monde oc\u00e9anique lointain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans une sc\u00e8ne toute droit sortie d\u2019un film de Steven Spielberg, l\u2019une des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites s\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e9cras\u00e9e sur le terrain de basket sur lequel s\u2019amusaient des enfants au Texas, tandis que l\u2019autre, semble-t-il sa s\u0153ur jumelle, a atterri au Maroc. Maintenant, nous en savons plus sur ce qui les rend si sp\u00e9ciales. Ces deux roches spatiales contiennent de l\u2019eau liquide et les compos\u00e9s organiques dont la vie a besoin pour s\u2019\u00e9panouir, ce qui en fait les premi\u00e8res m\u00e9t\u00e9orites \u00e0 \u00eatre trouv\u00e9es avec ces deux types d\u2019ingr\u00e9dients ensemble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab C\u2019est vraiment la premi\u00e8re fois que nous trouvons une mati\u00e8re organique abondante associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019eau liquide qui est vraiment cruciale pour l\u2019origine de la vie \u00bb, explique la scientifique Queenie Chan de l\u2019Open University au Royaume-Uni. \u00ab Nous y avons cherch\u00e9 les ingr\u00e9dients biologiques qui peuvent mener \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la vie. \u00bb Ces ingr\u00e9dients organiques comprennent les acides amin\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la formation des prot\u00e9ines, ainsi que le carbone, l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne et l\u2019azote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Ce qui rend notre analyse si sp\u00e9ciale, c\u2019est que nous avons combin\u00e9 un grand nombre de diff\u00e9rentes techniques de pointe pour \u00e9tudier de fa\u00e7on exhaustive les composants organiques de ces minuscules cristaux de sel \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Queenie Chan. Les chercheurs ont ainsi notamment utilis\u00e9 les rayons X de l\u2019Advanced Light Source (ALS) du Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory en Californie pour identifier les compos\u00e9s et d\u00e9couvrir cette combinaison d\u2019ingr\u00e9dients vitaux. Yoko Kebukawa, professeur agr\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 nationale de Yokohama au Japon, a conduit les exp\u00e9riences. La ligne de faisceaux \u00e9quip\u00e9e de ce microscope \u00e0 rayons X (un microscope \u00e0 rayons X \u00e0 transmission par balayage, ou STXM) est utilis\u00e9e en combinaison avec une technique connue sous le nom de XANES (spectroscopie d\u2019absorption des rayons X pr\u00e8s de la structure des bords) pour mesurer la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments sp\u00e9cifiques avec une pr\u00e9cision de dizaines de nanom\u00e8tres (des dizaines de milliardi\u00e8mes de m\u00e8tre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Soigneusement conserv\u00e9s depuis 1998 au Centre spatial Johnson de la NASA au Texas, les fragments de cristaux analys\u00e9s n\u2019\u00e9taient pas plus grands qu\u2019une fraction de la largeur d\u2019un cheveu humain. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9s dans un milieu strictement st\u00e9rile, \u00e0 l\u2019abri de la moindre poussi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Et bien qu\u2019elle ne prouve pas que la vie existe en dehors de la Terre, cette d\u00e9couverte \u00e9tablit certainement la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une vie extraterrestre. L\u2019\u00e9quipe pense que ces roches pourraient provenir d\u2019un monde oc\u00e9anique form\u00e9 au d\u00e9but du syst\u00e8me solaire, vraisemblablement de la plan\u00e8te naine C\u00e9r\u00e8s situ\u00e9e dans la ceinture d\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Une des hypoth\u00e8ses est que des jets de glace ou d\u2019eau provenant de l\u2019activit\u00e9 volcanique sur C\u00e9r\u00e8s auraient pu impr\u00e9gner ces roches d\u2019un m\u00e9lange aussi riche en compos\u00e9s. D\u2019autres mati\u00e8res organiques auraient pu \u00eatre ajout\u00e9es par une collision avec un autre objet comme l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde H\u00e9b\u00e9, disent les chercheurs, car ces roches ont vol\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ce que les scientifiques ont trouv\u00e9 dans les minuscules cristaux de sel bleu et violet des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites sugg\u00e8re \u00e9galement qu\u2019ils proviennent d\u2019une source similaire, et leurs parents ast\u00e9ro\u00efdes peuvent avoir partag\u00e9, d\u2018une certaine mani\u00e8re, le m\u00eame pass\u00e9 lointain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les traces microscopiques d\u2019eau trouv\u00e9es dans les fragments pourraient remonter \u00e0 la naissance de notre syst\u00e8me solaire, il y a 4,5 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. \u00ab C\u2019est comme une mouche prise dans de l\u2019ambre \u00bb, dit David Kilcoyne du laboratoire de Berkeley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ce qui rend les r\u00e9sultats si passionnants, c\u2019est leur utilit\u00e9 pour la recherche future. Les scientifiques font allusion \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la vie ayant exist\u00e9 depuis longtemps dans l\u2019histoire, ils peuvent nous en apprendre davantage sur la fa\u00e7on dont les objets qui entrent en collision dans l\u2019espace partagent la mati\u00e8re organique, et ils sont la preuve que les graines de la vie existant sur une plan\u00e8te peuvent trouver leur chemin vers une autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Tout m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la conclusion que l\u2019origine de la vie est vraiment possible ailleurs \u00bb, s\u2019enthousiasme Queenie Chan. La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e le 10 janvier dans Science Advances.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Les ingr\u00e9dients de la vie d\u00e9couverts dans de minuscules m\u00e9t\u00e9orites tomb\u00e9es sur Terre Paru sur up-magazine.info | 14.01.2018 | Alexandre Aget En 1998, deux m\u00e9t\u00e9orites contenant un m\u00e9lange fascinant de produits chimiques se sont \u00e9cras\u00e9es sur Terre. Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pieusement conserv\u00e9es pendant des ann\u00e9es sans que l\u2019on sache ce qu\u2019elles contenaient. Mais aujourd\u2019hui, sur… Lire la suite »Pi\u00e8ce #72<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"yoast_head":"\nPi\u00e8ce #72 - Ivan Gavriloff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ivangavriloff.com\/index.php\/2022\/05\/11\/piece-72\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pi\u00e8ce #72 - Ivan Gavriloff\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les ingr\u00e9dients de la vie d\u00e9couverts dans de minuscules m\u00e9t\u00e9orites tomb\u00e9es sur Terre Paru sur up-magazine.info | 14.01.2018 | Alexandre Aget En 1998, deux m\u00e9t\u00e9orites contenant un m\u00e9lange fascinant de produits chimiques se sont \u00e9cras\u00e9es sur Terre. 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